Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
GNDU Most Repeated (Important) Quesons
BCA 5th Semester
JAVA Programming Language (2021–2024)
Must-Prepare Quesons (80–100% Probability)
SECTION-A (Java Basics & OOP Concepts)
1. Object-Oriented Features of Java / OOPS Concepts – Advantages (4 mes)
2. Dierence between Class and Object with Example (3 mes)
2025 Smart Predicon Table
Based on 4-Year GNDU Paper Analysis (2021–2024)
SECTION-A – Java Basics & OOP Concepts
Queson Topic
Repeats
Years Appeared
Priority
OOPs Features & Advantages
4 Times
2021 (Q2b), 2022 (Q1a), 2023 (Q2),
2024 (Q1)
Very
High
Dierence between Class &
Object
3 Times
2021 (Q2b), 2022 (Q2a), 2023 (Q1
paral)
Very
High
Immutable String / Tokenizer
2 Times
2023 (Q1d), 2024 (Q2)
High
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
2025 GUARANTEED QUESTIONS (100% Appearance)
TOP 5 MUST-PREPARE QUESTIONS
1. Excepon Handling – try, catch, nally, throw, throws (4/4 years)
GNDU Most Repeated (Important) Answer
BCA 5th Semester
JAVA Programming Language (2021–2024)
Must-Prepare Quesons (80–100% Probability)
SECTION-A (Java Basics & OOP Concepts)
1. Object-Oriented Features of Java / OOPS Concepts – Advantages (4 mes)
Ans: The Story of Java and Its Magical OOP World
Imagine you are about to build a grand city. You have everything — bricks, cement,
workers — but if you don’t have a proper plan, rules, and organization, what will
happen? Chaos! The same thing used to happen in the early days of programming.
Programs were written line after line, using something called procedural programming.
It worked fine for small tasks, but as programs grew larger, things became messy. There
were too many instructions, and understanding how one part affected another became
difficult.
Then came a hero — Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) — and Java became one of
its finest champions. Java didn’t just bring new features; it brought a new way of
thinking about how to build software — just like designing a city with proper planning,
zoning, and management.
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
Let’s take a walk through this city of Java and discover its Object-Oriented features —
the powerful tools that make it clean, organized, and easy to maintain.
1. Class and Object – The Building Blocks
Every city has buildings, and every building is designed from a blueprint. In Java, the
blueprint is called a class, and the actual building is an object.
Think of a “Car” class. It defines what a car should have — wheels, color, engine, and
what it can do — like start, stop, or accelerate. But it’s not a real car until you create one
— that’s the object!
// Just for understanding, no need to focus on code
class Car {
String color;
void start() { }
}
Car myCar = new Car(); // Creating an object
Here, Car is the class, and myCar is the object — a real, usable version of that idea.
In simple words:
• A class is the plan,
• An object is the real thing built from that plan.
This approach helps programmers organize their work, making it modular and easy to
reuse.
2. Encapsulation – The Art of Keeping Secrets
Imagine you’re driving your car. You just press the “start” button, and the engine starts.
You don’t need to know how fuel mixes with air or how spark plugs fire. That’s because
all that complexity is hidden inside.
This hiding of internal details is called encapsulation.
In Java, data (like variables) and methods (functions) are wrapped together inside a
class, and we control who can access them using access modifiers like private, public,
and protected.
So, encapsulation is like putting important car parts under the hood — they are safe and
cannot be messed with directly.
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
Benefits of Encapsulation:
• Protects data from unauthorized access.
• Makes the code more secure and easier to maintain.
• Lets us change the internal code without affecting the outer structure.
In real life, we trust systems like ATMs or apps because we interact with simple
interfaces, not their complex internals. That’s encapsulation at work!
3. Inheritance – Passing the Legacy Forward
Now imagine you have a “Vehicle” class. Many types of vehicles exist — cars, trucks,
bikes — but they all share some common features, like having wheels and an engine.
Instead of rewriting the same code again and again, Java allows a class to inherit the
properties of another. This is called inheritance.
In simple words, it’s like children inheriting traits from their parents.
class Vehicle {
void start() { }
}
class Car extends Vehicle {
void playMusic() { }
}
Here, the Car class inherits the start() method from the Vehicle class, saving time and
effort.
Benefits of Inheritance:
• Promotes code reusability.
• Reduces redundancy (no need to rewrite the same logic).
• Makes the program easier to extend and maintain.
It’s like a family tree in programming — a beautiful system where knowledge and
behavior pass from one generation (class) to another.
4. Polymorphism – One Action, Many Forms
Now imagine this — you press the “start” button on your car, bike, or bus. They all start,
but in their own way. The action is the same, but the behavior differs.
This concept is called polymorphism, which literally means “many forms.”
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
In Java, polymorphism allows one interface or action to behave differently depending on
the object that performs it.
There are two main types:
1. Compile-time (Method Overloading): Same method name, different parameters.
2. Runtime (Method Overriding): Same method name in parent and child classes,
but the child changes the behavior.
Example in real life:
A smartphone’s “press” action can do different things — take a photo, open an app, or
make a call — depending on context.
Advantages:
• Adds flexibility to programs.
• Simplifies complex code.
• Makes it easier to add new features without breaking old ones.
Polymorphism is like having a universal remote — one button, many possible outcomes!
5. Abstraction – Focusing on What’s Important
When you use a washing machine, you just select the mode and press start. You don’t
care how water levels are controlled or how the motor spins — those details are hidden.
That’s exactly what abstraction does in Java.
Abstraction means showing only the necessary features and hiding the complex
background details. It helps reduce complexity and allows programmers to focus only on
what matters most.
In Java, abstraction is achieved using abstract classes and interfaces.
Real-life advantage:
Think of driving a car — you use the steering wheel and pedals without knowing how the
engine converts fuel into motion. You only deal with the interface, not the
implementation.
Benefits of Abstraction:
• Makes complex systems easier to manage.
• Reduces code clutter.
• Helps in designing clean, user-friendly programs.
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
6. Dynamic Binding – Decisions at the Last Moment
In the real world, sometimes decisions are made only when needed. For example, you
may decide which transport to use only after checking the weather.
In Java, dynamic binding is similar — it decides which method to call at runtime, not at
compile time. This helps in achieving flexibility and supports runtime polymorphism.
It’s like telling Java, “Don’t decide yet — see what object comes, and then act
accordingly.”
This makes Java adaptable and intelligent while running programs.
7. Message Passing – Communication Between Objects
Just as people in a city communicate to get things done, in Java, objects communicate
with each other by sending messages.
When one object calls a method of another, it’s like saying, “Hey, can you do this task for
me?”
This cooperation among objects makes the program behave like a living system —
interactive and well-coordinated.
For example:
• A “Customer” object may send a message to a “BankAccount” object asking for
the balance.
• The “BankAccount” object replies with the correct data.
This message-based approach makes Java programs realistic, modular, and easier to
debug.
Advantages of Object-Oriented Programming in Java
Now that we’ve explored the features, let’s look at why these make Java such a loved
language across the world:
1. Reusability: Once you write a class, you can use it again and again in other
programs.
2. Modularity: You can break a big problem into smaller parts (objects and classes).
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
3. Security: Encapsulation keeps sensitive data safe from direct access.
4. Flexibility: Polymorphism allows changes without breaking the existing code.
5. Ease of Maintenance: Programs are easier to update or debug.
6. Scalability: You can add new features without rewriting everything.
7. Real-World Modeling: OOP makes it easy to represent real-world entities like
students, cars, or accounts directly in code.
Conclusion: The Beauty of OOP in Java
So, in the end, Java’s Object-Oriented features aren’t just technical terms — they’re like
a well-organized city where every building (class), every person (object), and every rule
(method) work in harmony.
By combining Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Abstraction, Java creates
programs that are logical, secure, and easy to manage.
That’s why Java remains one of the most powerful and loved programming languages —
not just for developers, but also for students learning to think logically and creatively.
In short, OOP in Java is like telling stories through code — stories where each object
plays its part perfectly, making the world of programming more human, more relatable,
and more beautiful.
2. Dierence between Class and Object with Example (3 mes)
Ans: Imagine you are walking through a beautiful car showroom. You see cars of all
colors and designs — red sports cars, blue sedans, black SUVs, and even shiny electric
cars.
You might wonder — who designed all these cars? How are so many different cars made
with similar parts but different looks?
Now, let’s pause for a second.
Before any car is made, what exists first?
A blueprint — a design plan made by engineers that explains how the car will look, what
parts it will have, and how it will function.
This blueprint is not an actual car. You can’t sit in it, you can’t drive it, and it doesn’t
make any sound. It’s just a design or model — a template for making real cars.
And the cars that come out of this blueprint — the ones you can touch, drive, and see on
the road — are the objects.
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
This simple story beautifully explains the difference between a class and an object in
programming.
Let’s dive deeper into this world of blueprints and creations.
1. The Blueprint: What is a Class?
A class in programming is like a blueprint or template for creating things.
It does not represent a real-world object itself but rather describes how an object should
look and behave.
Think of a class as a design document. It contains two main things:
1. Attributes (or properties) – These describe the features or characteristics.
Example: color, model, brand, price.
2. Methods (or functions) – These describe what the object can do.
Example: start(), stop(), accelerate(), brake().
A class doesn’t occupy memory on its own because it’s just an idea or a design.
It becomes meaningful only when we create an object from it.
So, in short:
A class defines the structure, but not the actual instance.
2. The Real Car: What is an Object?
Now, when you take that blueprint and actually build a car, that car becomes an object.
Each object created from the same class can have different values for its properties but
will follow the same design.
For example:
• Car 1 → Color: Red, Brand: Toyota, Price: ₹10,00,000
• Car 2 → Color: Blue, Brand: Honda, Price: ₹12,00,000
• Car 3 → Color: Black, Brand: BMW, Price: ₹50,00,000
All these cars are objects of the same class “Car”, but each has its own identity.
So, an object is a real-world instance of a class.
It’s like saying:
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
The class is the idea; the object is the reality.
3. A Simple Example (Explained without Heavy Coding)
Let’s take an example from everyday life — your mobile phone.
Class: MobilePhone
This class defines what a mobile phone is and what it can do.
It may have:
• Attributes: brand, model, color, price
• Methods: call(), message(), takePhoto()
So, the class describes that every mobile phone has these features and actions.
But when you buy a real phone — say, a Samsung Galaxy or an iPhone — that is an
object of the MobilePhone class.
Let’s describe it like a story instead of code:
The “MobilePhone” class is like the concept created by engineers at a tech company.
It says: “Every phone we make should have a screen, a camera, a battery, and the ability
to make calls.”
Now, from this concept, they produce real phones:
• One is a black iPhone 15 priced at ₹1,20,000.
• Another is a blue Samsung Galaxy S24 priced at ₹85,000.
• And another is a white OnePlus 12 priced at ₹60,000.
Each of these phones is different, but they all share the same design and features
because they are made from the same class.
So again:
• Class → a concept or design.
• Object → a real instance made using that design.
4. The Relationship Between Class and Object
The connection between a class and its object is like the bond between a recipe and the
dish.
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
Let’s take another fun example — making a cake!
• The recipe tells you what ingredients are needed (like flour, sugar, eggs) and
what steps to follow.
• But the recipe itself isn’t a cake. You can’t eat it!
• When you follow the recipe and bake a cake — that delicious dessert is the
object.
So:
• The recipe = Class
• The cake = Object
No matter how many cakes you bake from that one recipe, they will all belong to the
same category — “cake” — but each can have different decorations, flavors, or toppings.
That’s exactly how programming works:
You create one class → then you make many objects from it.
5. Real-Life Examples Beyond Coding
Classes and objects are not just programming ideas — they reflect how our world is
structured.
Let’s explore a few:
1. Class: Student
Objects: Riya, Rahul, Ananya, or any real student in a classroom.
Each student (object) shares common traits defined by the class (like name, roll
number, grade) but has unique values.
2. Class: Dog
Objects: Tommy, Bruno, Max.
Each dog has properties (breed, color, age) and behaviors (bark, eat, sleep).
3. Class: Chair
Objects: Wooden chair, Plastic chair, Office chair.
Each follows the same concept of “a seat with four legs,” but the material and
design differ.
So, you see, the class gives a shape to an idea, while objects bring that idea to life.
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
6. Why Do We Need Both?
You might think — “Why not just create the objects directly?”
That’s a good question!
Imagine a toy factory.
If they didn’t have a blueprint (class), they would have to design every toy separately —
wasting time and effort.
But when they have one class — say, “ToyCar” — they can produce thousands of cars
easily with different colors or sizes by just changing a few details.
In the same way, classes help programmers reuse code, organize ideas, and build
complex programs easily.
7. In Summary – Class vs Object (Simplified Table)
Aspect
Class
Object
Definition
Blueprint or template
Real-world instance created from
class
Existence
Logical, not real
Physical or real entity in memory
Example (Car
Showroom)
Car Design
Actual Car (Red Honda, Blue
BMW)
Example (Cooking)
Recipe
Baked Cake
Example (Student)
Student Template
Riya, Rahul, etc.
Memory
Does not occupy memory
Occupies memory
Purpose
Defines properties and
behavior
Uses those properties and
performs actions
8. Final Thoughts – A Simple Way to Remember
Always remember this simple rule:
“A class is the idea, and an object is the reality.”
The class is like a dream — perfect and structured — but until you bring it to life through
an object, it’s just imagination.
Programming becomes much easier once you think of it like life:
• First, you design something (Class).
• Then, you bring it to life (Object).
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
So, next time you open your phone, ride your bike, or sit on a chair — remember:
Everything around you is an object, and somewhere, someone had to imagine its class
first.
“This is only a part of the preparation journey.
For full access to repeated questions and detailed answers, purchase our
Premium Papers and boost your chances of scoring higher!”
